Australia's Sydney Morning Herald reports that Australian scientists have identified one of the genetic causes of long-sightedness, a breakthrough that could lead to the development of a drug to treat vision loss. Long-sightedness - an inability to see things clearly when they are up close - affects about 10 per cent of the population.

Researchers led by Dr Paul Baird of CERA (affiliated with the University of Melbourne and is located at the Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital). identified changes in the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) gene which...are now suspected of playing a disruptive role in the proper development of the eye.

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Massachusetts would require vision tests for elderly drivers.

In a front-page story, the Boston Globe reports that "key" Massachusetts state lawmakers, facing public concern over a raft of highly publicized accidents involving older drivers, yesterday proposed requiring vision tests for drivers over 75 years old seeking to renew their licenses, and granting legal immunity to doctors who report that their patients are not competent to drive.

The Globe notes that the new bill does not require healthcare professionals to report patients, and says they would be immune from lawsuits in cases in which they decline to report incompetent drivers. The measure would also ban text messaging while driving and forbid all drivers under age 18 from using cell phones while behind the wheel.

The legislation is scheduled for a vote tomorrow in the House.

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Epimacular brachytherapy now used to treat AMD

Macular degeneration is an aggressive condition in which abnormal blood vessels form in the part of the eye called the macula. These blood vessels are very fragile and often leak blood and fluid, causing scar tissue to form.

This affects central vision, which is essential for everyday tasks such as reading and driving.

Sufferers struggle to recognize faces at a distance, have a blurred or blind spot in the centre of their vision, and straight lines can appear wavy.

A new treatment procedure called Epimacular brachytherapy, when used to treat patients requiring chronic anti-VEGF therapy, may reduce the burden of treatment for neovascular age-related macular degeneration.

According to results from a study presented at the joint meeting of the American Academy of Ophthalmology and Pan-American Association of Ophthalmology, a single procedure of epimacular brachytherapy can further improve visual acuity in a majority of this patient population while decreasing the number of injections required. Most important, 63% of patients enrolled in the study experienced improvement in their visual acuity while 50% of patients gained five or more letters of visual acuity at 6 months.

Preliminary results indicate that epimacular brachytherapy may help reduce treatment burden in a population of patients that are at high risk for visual decline, even if they are undergoing sustained anti-VEGF monotherapy, according to Pravin U. Dugel, MD, of Retinal Consultants of Arizona.

Eye experts in the UK are using epimacular brachytherapy to treat the wet form of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). During outpatient surgery, surgeons place a "radioactive pellet" that travels down the inside of a probe into the eye, where it gives the macula a high dose of radiation designed to burn the abnormal blood vessels growing behind the retina

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According to a study published in the January issue of the Archives of Ophthalmology, high caloric and sodium intake appear to be associated with the progression of diabetic retinopathy (DR) among African American patients with type 1 diabetes.

In a study population of 469 individuals at risk for the progression of DR, researchers found that baseline total caloric intake was significantly associated with a six-year incidence of vision-threatening Diabetic Retinopathy (either proliferative DR or macular edema [ME]) and of severe hard exudates, while high sodium intake at baseline was a significant, independent risk factor for six-year incidence of ME.

Limitations of this study include single measurement of nutrient intake, failure to adjust for multiple comparisons, and lack of generalizability to other populations.

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Researchers question causes of myopia

On its "Morning Edition" program, NPR reports on the search for the causes of myopia. Epidemiologist Susan Vitale, of the National Eye Institute, explained that a study she coauthored in December's Archives of Ophthalmology found about a 66 percent increase in myopia over 30 years.


NPR notes that near-work the things you do close up with your eyes, like reading or watching television, has been suspected as contributing to nearsightedness, but a study by researchers at the College of Optometry at the Ohio State University found that near-work had no influence. They did discover, however, that the amount of outdoor activity a child had an influence the development of myopia.

Now, researchers are studying whether outdoor light somehow changes the way the eye grows

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Image via Wikipedia

The New York Times reported that the decline of written language has become a reality for only the blind, as fewer and fewer visually impaired people learn Braille, many preferring instead to rely upon synthetic voice technology and computer-screen-reading software.

In fact, a report released last year by the National Federation of the Blind, an advocacy group with 50,000 members, said that less than 10 percent of the 1.3 million legally blind Americans read Braille. The report found that while approximately half of all blind children learned Braille in the 1950s, today that number is as low as one in 10.

Increased number of blind children born with additional physical or mental handicaps, often the result of premature birth. And a large percentage of these students were partly sighted. There is a wonderful article explaining this so well in the Arizona Republic June 1, 2006 . The reporter interviewed Arielle Silverman President of the Arizona Association of Blind Students.

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Statin use is not associated with risk of developing advanced, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), according to a study published in the Dec. issue of Ophthalmology.

In a study of 744 patients, researchers from the University of Pennsylvania found that among patients who had bilateral large drusen, use of the cholesterol-lowering medications was not associated with a higher or lower risk of progressing to advanced disease.

At baseline, all patients were at risk for advanced AMD but had not yet progressed to that stage.

At the end of the study, 39.8% of the participants reported using statins; about two-thirds starting taking the drugs during the trial.

The investigators theorized, however, that a protective effect may have been obscured because patients who are taking statins for cardiovascular disease are also at high risk for developing AMD.

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AMD treatment with NeoVista system

Wet AMD occurs when abnormal blood vessels behind the retina start to grow under the macula, where they leak blood and fluid, causing scar tissue to form and vision to become impaired. With wet AMD, vision loss may occur faster and be more noticeable than with dry AMD. The longer the abnormal vessels leak or grow, the more detail vision will be lost. The earlier wet AMD is diagnosed, the better the patients' chance of preserving some or much of their central vision.

The first European patients have been treated for wet age-related macular degeneration with NeoVista's Vidion ANV Therapy System, an epimacular brachytherapy device that delivers a single dose of therapeutic radiation, the manufacturer announced in a press release.

Stanislao Rizzo, MD, of S. Chiara Hospital, Pisa, Italy, treated the initial group of patients with the Vidion ANV Therapy System. Unlike previous radiation therapies for wet AMD, NeoVista's innovative device delivers the peak dose of strontium-90 beta ionizing radiation directly to the lesion minimizing exposure to the surrounding tissue. The minimally invasive procedure utilizes a device similar in size to a needle, to deliver a highly targeted dose of radiation directly to the area of the retina affected by wet AMD. Importantly for patients, the systemic radiation exposure is minimal, as the effective dose to the entire body from NeoVista's epimacular brachytherapy device is less then a routine chest x-ray.

The Vidion system is undergoing phase 3 clinical trials for U.S. Food and Drug Administration marketing approval. The device proved safe and effective in preliminary clinical trials, the release said.

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